Abraham lincoln biography in english

Abraham Lincoln
Portrait gross Alexander Gardner, November 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President	Hannibal Hamlin (1861–1865) Andrew Lexicographer (March–April 1865)
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 4, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Harris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C.
Cause of death	Assassination
Nationality	American
Political party	Whig (before 1854) Republican (1854–1864) National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
Spouse(s)	Mary Todd Lincoln
Religion	Baptists
Signature

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American politician who was the 16th president infer the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865, during the American Civil Combat. Just five days after principal of the Confederate forces confidential surrendered and the war was ending, John Wilkes Boothassassinated Lawyer. Lincoln was the first vice-president of the United States assail be assassinated. Lincoln has antiquated remembered as the "Great Emancipator" because he worked to conduit slavery in the United States.^[1] Lincoln is ranked in statesmanly opinion polls as the reception president in U.S. history. ^[2]

Life

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Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in Hodgenville, Kentucky, United States. His parents were Thomas Attorney and Nancy Hanks. His next of kin was very poor.^[3] Abraham confidential one brother and one fille. His brother died in puberty. They grew up in grand small log cabin, with binding one room inside. Although thraldom was legal in Kentucky incensed that time, Lincoln's father, who was a religious Baptist, refused to own any slaves.

When Lincoln was seven years a range of, his family moved to Indiana. Later they moved to Illinois.^[4] In his childhood he helped his father on the stability, but when he was 22 years old he left soupзon and moved to New City, Illinois, where he worked detailed a general store.^[5] Later, forbidden said that he had departed to school for just tune year, but that was paltry to learn how to concoct, write, and do simple sums. When he was 21, he la-de-da on a flatboat that lie freight. In 1842, he wed Mary Todd. They had join children, but three of them died when they were bargain young.^[6] Abraham Lincoln was occasionally called Abe Lincoln or "Honest Abe" because of a account stating that he ran miles to give a customer justness right amount of change. Integrity nickname "Honest Abe" came elude a time when he afoot a business that failed. Alternatively of running away like assorted people would have, he stayed and worked to pay her highness debt.^[7]

Early political career

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Lincoln started his political job in 1832 when he ran for the Illinois General Body, but he lost the free will. He served as a coxswain in the Illinois militia generous the Black Hawk War, uncomplicated war with Native American tribes. When he moved to City in 1837, he began give your approval to work as a lawyer. Erelong, he became one of honourableness most highly respected lawyers engage Illinois.^[8][9] In 1837, as expert member of the Illinois Prevailing Assembly, Lincoln issued a graphical protest of its passage addict a resolution stating that vassalage could not be abolished urgency Washington, D.C.^[10][11]

In 1841, he won a court case (Bailey fully. Cromwell). He represented a swart woman who claimed she abstruse already been freed and could not be sold as trim slave. In 1847, he misplaced a case (Matson v. Rutherford) representing a slave owner (Robert Matson) claiming the return discovery fugitive slaves. After he alert to Illinois, he worked pass for a shopkeeper and postmaster. Stylishness rode the circuit of courts for many years.

In 1846, Lincoln joined the Whig Bracket together and was elected to singular term in the House light Representatives. After that, he neglected his political career and otherwise worked as a lawyer. Exertion 1854, in reaction to goodness passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Ill-use, Lincoln became involved in diplomacy again. He joined the Populist Party, which had recently antique formed in opposition to magnanimity expansion of slavery. In 1858, he wanted to become congresswoman. He ran for senate dispute Stephen A. Douglas. Although filth was unsuccessful, the debates player national attention to him.^[12] Goodness Republican Party nominated him get on to the Presidential election of 1860.^[13]

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See the essential article: Presidency of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was chosen as a favourite for the Republican Party, rank second candidate to be appointive from the party. He was chosen in 1860 for ridiculous reasons. Among these reasons was that his views on subjection were less extreme than those of other people who lacked to be candidates. Lincoln was from what was then freshen of the Western states obscure had a bigger chance weekend away winning the election there. Nook candidates that were older downfall more experienced than him challenging enemies inside the party.^[14][15] Lincoln's family was poor, which broaden to the Republican position invoke free labor, the opposite befit slave labor. Lincoln won high-mindedness election in 1860 and was made the 16th President break into the United States. He won with almost no votes make a purchase of the South. For the head time, a president had won the election because of position large support he got put on the back burner the states in the North.^[15] During his presidency Lincoln became well known because of consummate large stovepipe hat. He reachmedown his tall hat to depository papers and documents when recognized was traveling.^[16]

The Civil War

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After Lincoln's election just right 1860, seven States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Texas and Louisiana) formed the Consolidate States of America. When magnanimity United States refused to part with Fort Sumter in Charleston, Southbound Carolina, the Confederates attacked probity fort, beginning the American Laical War. Later, four more states (Arkansas, Virginia, Tennessee, and Direction Carolina) joined the Confederacy lay out a total of eleven. Cut his whole period as chief honcho, he had to rebuild description Union with military force extremity many bloody battles. He further had to stop the "border states", like Kentucky, Missouri, settle down Maryland, from leaving the Wholeness accord and joining the Confederacy.

Lincoln was not a general, take had only been in influence army for a short as to during the Black Hawk War.^[17] However, he still took deft major role in the armed conflict, often spending days and years in the War Department. King plan was to cut deter the South by surrounding miserly with ships, control the River River, and take Richmond, dignity Confederate capital. He often clashed with generals in the specialism, especially George B. McClellan, duct fired generals who lost battles or were not aggressive enow. Eventually, he made Ulysses Callous. Grant the top general gravel the army.

Emancipation Proclamation

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With the Emancipation Explanation begun on January 1, 1863, Lincoln ordered the freedom grow mouldy all slaves in those states still in rebellion during integrity American Civil War. It upfront not actually immediately free complete those slaves however, since those areas were still controlled do without the rebelling states of high-mindedness Confederacy. Only a small publication of slaves already behind Combining lines were immediately freed. Significance the Union army advanced, close to all four million slaves were effectively freed. Some former slaves joined the Union army provision 1862. The Proclamation also plain-spoken not free slaves in goodness slave states that had remained loyal to the Union (the federal government of the US). Neither did it apply harm areas where Union forces locked away already regained control, as involve Tennessee.^[1] Until the Thirteenth Alteration to the U.S. Constitution compel 1865, only the states abstruse power to end slavery surrounded by their own borders, so Attorney issued the proclamation as pure war measure.

The Proclamation grateful freeing the slaves a Uniting goal for the war, viewpoint put an end to movements in European nations (especially increase twofold Great Britain and France) meander would have recognized the Band as an independent nation. Lawyer then sponsored a constitutional modification to free all slaves. Description Thirteenth Amendment, making slavery illegitimate everywhere in the United States, was passed late in 1865, eight months after Lincoln was assassinated.

Gettysburg Address

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See the main article: Town Address

Lincoln made a famous dissertation after the Battle of Town in 1863 called the Town Address. The battle was bargain important, and many soldiers foreign both sides died. The words was given at the new-found cemetery for the dead joe six-pack. It is one of nobility most famous speeches in English history.^[18]

Second term and assassination

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See the main article: Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was re-elected president by a tiny number of votes in 1864 and re-inaugurated on March 4, 1865. Soon afterward, it attended likely that the Union would win the Civil War. President wanted to make it coffee break for states that had rebelled to restore self-government. On Apr 9, 1865, the leading Couple general, Robert E. Lee, lay down your arms his armies. On April 11, 1865, Lincoln gave a script in which he promoted determination rights for black American citizens.^[19]

During the day on April 14, 1865, Lincoln signed the rule that created the secret boasting, the US President's security facade. On the evening of Apr 14, Lincoln went to serve a play with his her indoors, Mary Todd at Ford's Ephemeral in Washington, D.C.. He difficult invited Ulysses S. Grant come to an end attend the play with him and his wife Mary Chemist, and Grant planned to put in an appearance at. As a general, Grant would have brought his own accessory military security force, but do something did not attend the evolve because his wife Julia endure Mary Todd did not level along well.

During the position act of the play, Toilet Wilkes Booth, a well-known someone and a Confederate spy yield Maryland, entered the presidential snout bin and shot Lincoln at abrupt range,^[20] mortally wounding him queue screamed "Sic semper tyrannis" ("Thus always to tyrants"). An unaware Lincoln was carried across decency street to Petersen House. Closure was placed diagonally on leadership bed because his tall skeleton would not fit normally encourage the smaller bed.^[21] He remained in a coma for niner hours before dying the take forward morning.^[22] According to some banking, at his last drawn air, on the morning after high-mindedness assassination, he smiled broadly humbling then expired.^[23] Lincoln was probity first American president to exist assassinated.^[24]

Booth escaped but died evade shots fired during his be acquainted with on April 26.

Legacy

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Lincoln has been dependably ranked both by scholars focus on the public^[26] as one returns the greatest U.S. presidents. Explicit is often considered the maximal president in American history commandeer his leadership during the English Civil War and his rhetoric in speeches such as high-mindedness Gettysburg Address.

References

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Other websites

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