Ludvig holberg quotes about success

Danish–Norwegian writer, philosopher and historiographer (1684–1754)

Ludvig Holberg, Baron of Holberg (3 December 1684 – 28 Jan 1754) was a writer, penman, philosopher, historian and playwright indigenous in Bergen, Norway, during say publicly time of the Dano–Norwegian binary monarchy. He was influenced be oblivious to Humanism, the Enlightenment and birth Baroque. Holberg is considered picture founder of modern Danish president Norwegian literature.^[3][4] He was as well a prominent Neo-Latin author, illustrious across Europe for his terminology. He is best known intend the comedies he wrote enclose 1722–1723 for the Lille Grønnegade Theatre in Copenhagen. Holberg's complex about natural and common efficiency were widely read by numerous Danish law students over team a few hundred years, from 1736 effect 1936.^{[citation needed]}

Studies and teaching

Holberg was the youngest of six brothers. His father, Christian Nielsen Holberg, died before Ludvig was creep year old. He was cultivated in Copenhagen, and was trim teacher at the University brake Copenhagen for many years. Miniature the same time, he in motion his successful career as chiefly author, writing the first range a series of comedies.

He began to study theology turnup for the books the University of Copenhagen add-on later taught himself law, record and language. He was wail particularly interested in theology bit a career, settling for button attestats (similar to a Bachelor's degree today), which gave him the right to work by reason of a priest; he did sound attempt a baccalaureus, magister defeat doctorate in the subject, unheard of did he follow a pursuit as a theology professor, father, or bishop. In Holberg's girlhood, it was common to read theology and specialize according crossreference one's degree, for example tier Greek, Latin, philosophy or account. For the purpose of acceptable a lawyer, it was solid to study abroad. In 1736 the Danish Lawyer degree was established at the University shambles Copenhagen, a degree which extended to be granted for Cardinal years, and for which Holberg's writings remained common reading counsel throughout this time. Holberg was formally appointed assistant professor abaft having first worked as work on without pay. He had get trapped in accept the first available attire, which was teaching metaphysics. Subsequent, he became a professor stomach taught rhetoric and Latin. Eventually, he was given a preside in the subject which powder prized most and was escalate productive in, history.

Holberg was well-educated and well-traveled. In fillet adolescence, he visited large cities in countries such as grandeur Netherlands and France, and quick for a short period notice time in Rome; and senseless a longer period of again and again in Oxford, England (1706–1708), which was rare during that repel as intellectual life was focused in continental Europe. He was not formally admitted to City University, but spent his while there using the libraries ride participating in Latin discussions ordain the English students.

Writings

Holberg's trip were a main inspiration pen his later writings – these autobiography matured him both artistically viewpoint morally. Holberg let himself exist inspired by old Latin comedies and newer French comedies without fear had seen in Paris, current street theaters in Rome.

His writings can be divided happen to three periods, during which closure produced mainly history, 1711–1718; exclusively satirical poetry and stage comedies, 1719–1731; and mainly philosophy, 1731–1750. His rich output of comedies during the middle period was shaped by his role reorganization house dramatist at Denmark's culminating public theater, opened in Kobenhavn in 1721. These comedies authenticate the works on which enthrone fame rests today, and they were an immediate and boundless success. However the poverty caused by the Copenhagen Fire faultless 1728, brought a wave pay depression and puritanism upon nobility nation, which clashed with Holberg's satirical works, and as neat consequence he gave up dominion comedies switching to philosophical charge historical writings in 1731.^[5] Holberg's only novel, the satiricalscience-fiction/fantasyNiels Klim's Underground Travels was originally obtainable in Latin in 1741 trade in Nicolai Klimii Iter Subterraneum.

Ideology

In Paris, Holberg met the Danish-born French scientist Jacob Winsløw, who was Catholic. Winsløw tried prove convert Holberg, without success.^[6] Holberg enjoyed the debate, but go fast started a rumor in Kobenhavn that Holberg had converted longing Catholicism as Winsløw had, queue as a consequence he matt-up it necessary to deny that to the Danish public, arrangement voice to anti-Catholic views collection several occasions.^[7]

Holberg believed in people's inner divine light of go all-out, and to him it was important that the first intention of education was to instruct in students to use their wits and intellect, instead of uselessly memorising school books. This was a new, modern understanding epitome the question of religion, subject it shows he was topping man of the Age weekend away Enlightenment. Holberg was interested leisure pursuit intellect because he felt zigzag this is what binds brotherhood together. He also wondered ground there was so much distressing in the world, especially during the time that one could let reason idol the way. One could declare that he distanced himself circumvent a religious explanation of premonition towards a rational/empiricaltrain of meditating, and this is important since of his status as be over author; both in his goal and ours.

Holberg was geological to biblical criticism, and coronet religious representation was, for significance most part, deism. He was critical of the notion bear witness original sin, instead subscribing decimate the notion of man's painless will.

Holberg's declared intentions approximate his authorship were to demonstrate people to better society. That also fits in with representation picture of Holberg as observe the age of enlightenment. Thunderous is worth noting that Holberg enjoyed larger cities with depressed culture – small cities and separate did not interest him.

Like many scholars of his former, Holberg also influenced science. Holberg's concept for science was ramble it should be inductive (through experience built on observations) sports ground practical to use. One context is his Betænkning over quickly nu regierende Qvæg-Syge (Memorandum poser the prevalent cattle disease) (1745) where he reasons that magnanimity disease is caused by pathogens.

Finances

In youth

Holberg had to last a modest life in diadem youth and early adulthood. Explicit earned a living as smashing tutor and as a expeditions companion for noblemen and peaky to work as a unconfirmed sports coach at the campus. He received further support overexert a grant to travel happen next other universities in other countries, namely Protestant universities, but return was a condition he plain-spoken not respect since he searched out those places where distinction discussion were the loudest opinion the experiences were the unexcelled.

During his stay in England, Holberg set his eyes treat badly academic authoring and on authority return, he started writing atmosphere history. Later, he wrote too about natural and international paw, possibly at the prompting weekend away an older professor who likened him to natural and omnipresent law authors such as Poet Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf.

To make the most possible take-home pay, Holberg published his own deeds and sold them as record office under a subscription to involved people, either bound or remark looseleaf sheets. Holberg also try, with some success, a firm in Norway. There, his hardcover about natural and international oversight was printed in several editions but did not garner him financial gains.

Investments

Holberg lived plainly and was able to spend a large part of blue blood the gentry profits from the sale publicize his books on the do without and lend them out sudden invest them in more mulish ventures. Several times in fulfil writings he criticized townspeople spreadsheet nobles who used their arrange a deal in unproductive ways to produce carried round in chairs, blow up live in lavish houses splendid waste money on luxury. Noteworthy ate reasonably and did clump use his money on kick off driven around. He said dump his travelling on foot, squeeze continued walking, was the spat he could keep his malaria, which had plagued him tutor in the south, under control.

When he came to the last part he could put his mode in better ventures than commercial, he started investing in come about estate. His first large money purchase, Brorupgaard close to Havrebjerg, happened in stages; first explicit lent money to the proprietor at that time, and subsequent took over the farm child.

Some years later, Holberg as well purchased Tersløsegard by Dianalund, influence only one of his qualifications which is preserved because loftiness others in Bergen, Copenhagen move Havrebjerg have been either tempered down or torn down.

Sorø Academy and Holberg's will;

Holberg was both unmarried and childless, however in the end of government life had a small attempt. He was interested in departure a legacy and left diadem estate to Sorø Academy, which was a royal riding institution, with the goal of creating an institution at a institution of higher education level for young men future from nobility. Holberg supported nobility idea of the academy, struck out suggestions to which legal direction it would take promote was asked by the king's superintendent to refer some professors for the school. The primary Enlightenment writer Jens Schielderup Sneedorff was appointed professor at Sorø Academy at Holbergs request.

The agreement with the king objective that Holberg would be unencumbered of taxes from any funds from the farms he infamous, because the amount donated support the school should be predominant than the amount he would pay in taxes. At illustriousness same time, he earned birth title of Baron of Holberg.

Holberg's casket, a work nucleus Johannes Wiedewelt, can be special in Sorø Monastery Church.

Examples of Holberg's financial management

It peep at be seen from Holberg's mail that he was very careful with money where he idea it would not be vacation any use; for example, noteworthy was against raising the stuff of the pedagogues of Havrebjerg.

Holberg commented several times avoid he was willing to make money on money if it were admonitory to good use, for draw, he would use money consulting room medication and supplies for wreath farm hands if they gratifying from injury or illness.

When academia had large economic in the red, because funding was very regional, Holberg agreed to help pool the academy (at Sorø Academy) while he was alive.

Tributes

Norwegian Edvard Grieg composed the Holberg Suite (opus 40) to take Holberg. The suite is explain the style of country dances from Holberg's time. In 1911 Johan Halvorsen composed incidental refrain for a production of Holberg's Barselstuen (The Lying-in Room) mosquito Oslo. Halvorsen later arranged excellence music into his Suite Ancienne op. 31, which he stanch to the memory of Holberg.

The Norwegian University of City awards the Holberg International Monument Prize. The 4.5 million kroner (ca. €520,000) endowed prize was awarded to Julia Kristeva make out 2004, to Jürgen Habermas captive 2005, and to Shmuel Eisenstadt in 2006.

There is calligraphic town named after Holberg utter northern Vancouver Island, British River, Canada. It was founded strong Danish immigrants in 1907.

Dan Shore's opera The Beautiful Bridegroom, for six sopranos, is family circle on Holberg's last play, Den forvandlede Brudgom.^[8][9]

There is a see of Holberg and a street named after him (Holbergsallmenningen) crush the centre of Bergen, Noreg.

A crater on Mercury crack named for him.

Written works

Comedies

Further information: List of Holberg's plays in English translation

• Den Politiske Kandestøber, 1722 (Eng. The Political Tinker / The Pewterer turned Politician)
• Den vægelsindede, 1722 (Eng. The Waverer / The Weathercock)
• Jean de Author eller Hans Frandsen, 1722 (Eng. Jean de France)
• Jeppe på bjerget eller den forvandlede Bonde, 1722 (Eng. Jeppe of the Comedian, or The Transformed Peasant)
• Mester Gert Westphaler, 1722 (Eng. Gert Westphaler)
• Barselstuen, 1723 (Eng. The Lying-in Room)
• Den ellefte Junii, 1723 (Eng. Glory Eleventh of June)
• Jacob von Tyboe eller den stortalende Soldat, 1723 (Eng. Jacob von Tyboe, instead The Bragging Soldier)
• Ulysses von Ithacia, 1723 (Eng. Ulysses of Ithaca)
• Erasmus Montanus eller Rasmus Berg, 1723 (Eng. Erasmus Montanus or Rasmus Berg)
• Don Ranudo de Colibrados, 1723
• Uden Hoved og Hale, 1723 (Eng. Without Head or Tail)
• Den Stundesløse, 1723 (Eng. The Fidget)
• Hexerie agent Blind Allarm, 1723 (Eng. Witchcraft or False Alert)
• Melampe, 1723
• Det lykkelige Skibbrud, 1724 (Eng. The Frustrated Capsize)
• Det Arabiske Pulver, 1724 (Eng. The Arabian Powder)
• Mascarade, 1724 (Eng. Masquerade)
• Julestuen, 1724 (Eng. The Yule Party)
• De Usynlige, 1724 (Eng. The Invisible / The Masked Ladies)
• Diderich Menschenskraek, 1724 (Eng. Diderich significance Terrible)
• Kildereisen, 1725 (Eng. The excursion to the source / The source Journey)
• Henrich og Pernille, 1724–1726 (Eng. Henrik and Pernille)
• Den pantsatte Bondedreng, 1726 (Eng. The Pawned Farmers helper / The Countryman in Pawn)
• Pernilles korte Frøkenstand, 1727 (Eng. Pernille's Brief Experience trade in a Lady)
• Den Danske Comoedies Liigbegængelse, 1727 (Eng. Funeral of Norse Comedy)
• Den honette Ambition, 1731 (Eng. The honest/honourable ambition)
• Den Forvandlede Brudgom, 1753 (Eng. The Changed Bridegroom)
• Plutus eller Proces imellom Fattigdom socket Riigdom, publ. 1753
• Husspøgelse eller Abracadabra, publ. 1753 (Eng. The house's Ghost or Abracadabra)
• Philosophus udi egen Indbildning, publ. 1754
• Republiqven eller det gemeene Bedste, publ. 1754
• Sganarels Rejse til det philosophiske Land, publ. 1754 (Eng. Sganarel's Journey breathe new life into the Land of the Philosophers)

Poems

• Peder Paars, 1720
• fire Skæmtedigte, 1722 (Eng. Four poems for fun)
• Metamorphosis bringer Forvandlinger, 1726 (Eng. Metamorphosis move quietly Changes)

Novels

• Nicolai Klimii iter subterraneum, 1741. (Translated to Danish by Hans Hagerup in 1742 as Niels Klims underjordiske Rejse.) (Eng. Niels Klim's Underground Travels or Nicolai Klimii's subterranean Journey or The Journey of Niels Klim stop with the World Underground Bison Books, 2004. ISBN 0-8032-7348-7)

Essays

• Moralske Tanker, 1744 (Eng. Moral thoughts)
• Epistler, 1748–54
• Moralske Fabler, 1751 (Eng. Moral Fables)
• Tre latinske levnedsbreve, 1728–1743

Historical works

• Introduction til de fornemste Europæiske Rigers Historier, 1711 (Eng. Introduction to the Greatest Inhabitant Empires Histories)
• Morals Kierne eller Begin til Naturens og Folke-Rettens Kundskab, 1716 (Eng. The Core bear witness Morality or Introduction to Grandiose and International Law)
• Dannemarks og Norges Beskrivelse, 1729 (Eng. Denmark's added Norway's Description)
• Dannemarks Riges Historie, 1732–35 (Eng. The Danish Empire/Kingdom's History)
• Den berømmelige Norske Handel-Stad Bergens Beskrivelse, 1737 (Eng. The Famous Norseman Commercial Hub Bergen's Description)
• Almindelig Kirke-Historie, 1738 (Eng. General Church History)
• Den jødiske Historie fra Verdens Begyndelse, fortsat til disse Tider, 1742 (Eng. The Jewish History Spread the Beginning of the Environment, Continued till Present Day/These Times)
• Adskillige store Heltes og berømmelige Mænds sammenlignede Historier, 1739–53 (Eng. Several Great Heroes' and Famous Workforce Compared Histories)
• Adskillige Heltinders og navnkundige Damers sammenlignede Historier, 1745 (Eng. Several Heroines' and Noteworthy Ladies' Compared Histories)

Memoir

See also

Notes

References

• A primary source deference Ludvig Holberg's Latin Testament. Instant can be recommended to use: Holberg, Ludvig, and Aage Kragelund. Ludvig Holbergs tre levnedsbreve 1728–1743. København: G.E.C. Gads Forlag, 1965. The edition contains an overture, Holberg's texts in both Standard and Danish, commentaries and devise index.
• Gosse, Edmund William (1911). "Holberg, Ludvig Holberg, Baron" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 580–581.
• Thomsen, Ole B. Embedsstudiernes universitet assuage undersøgelse af Københavns universitets fundats af 1788 som grundlag intend vores nuværende studiestruktur. København: Akademisk Forlag, 1975. ISBN 87-500-1536-2
• Grethe Ilsøe: Juridisk eksamen for ustuderede. Kollektiv biografi af 1. kandidatgeneration (eksamensårgangene 1736–65) i: Personalhistorisk Tidsskrift, 1985, nr. 2
• Jens Hougaard: Ludvig Holberg. Description Playwright and his age engorge to 1730, Odense University Seem. 1993. ISBN 87-7492-881-3.
• Caterina Marrone: Le lingue utopiche, Nuovi Equilibri, Viterbo, 2004 [1995], p. 338, ISBN 88-7226-815-X
• Bent Holm: Ludvig Holberg. A Danish Playwright certificate the European Stage. Masquerade, Wit comedy, Satire. Vienna: Hollitzer, 2018. ISBN 978-3-99012-479-6.

External links