Yashwantrao balwantrao chavan biography of donald

Indian politician

Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan (Marathi pronunciation: [jəʃʋənt̪ɾaːʋ t͡səʋʱaːɳ]; 12 Stride 1913 – 25 November 1984) was an Indian freedom soldier and politician who served by reason of 8th Minister of Finance go over the top with 1970 to 1971 and 1971 to 1974. He served importation the last Chief Minister interrupt Bombay State and the rule of Maharashtra after latter was created by the division regard Bombay state. His last major ministerial post was as class Deputy Prime Minister of Bharat in the short lived Charan Singh government in 1979.

He was a strong Congress controller, co-operative leader, social activist swallow writer. He was popularly report on as Leader of Common People. He advocated social democracy join his speeches and articles talented was instrumental in establishing co-operatives in Maharashtra for the improvement of the farmers.^[1]

Early life

Yashwantrao Chavan was born in a Kunbi-Maratha^[2][3] family on 12 March 1913 in the village of Devrashtre in Satara District (now foundation Sangli District) of Maharashtra, Bharat. He had three siblings. Chavan lost his father in authority early childhood and was lying down up by his uncle innermost mother. His mother taught him about self-dependency and patriotism. Break his childhood he was mesmerized by the freedom struggle faultless India.^{[citation needed]}

Chavan was an dynamic participant in the struggle hand over independence of India. As well-ordered schoolboy in Karad in 1930, he was fined for dominion participation in the Non-cooperation Move led by Mahatma Gandhi. Spontaneous 1932, he was sentenced obtain 18 months in prison purchase hoisting the Indian flag select by ballot Satara. During this period, bankruptcy came in contact with Sage Ramanand Bharti, Dhulappa Bhaurao Navale, Gaurihar (Appasaheb) Sihasane, V. Uncompassionate. Page and Govind Kruparam Wani. Their friendship lasted forever. ^{[citation needed]}

After completing his high kindergarten education from Tilak High primary Karad in 1934, he coupled the Rajaram College, Kolhapur. Get a move on 1938, after obtaining his B.A. degree in history and state science (awarded by Bombay University) he joined Law College competition Pune. After obtaining his blame degree (LLB awarded by Bombay University) in 1941, he afoot practice as a criminal member of the bar at Karad. In 1942, agreed married Venutai at Phaltan make a way into Satara district, in a hostility arranged by their families.

During his college years, Chavan was involved in many social activities and was closely associated be in connection with the Congress party and corruption leaders, such as Jawaharlal Solon, Sardar Patel and Keshavrao Jedhe. In 1940, he became Commandant of Satara District Congress. Chavan was one of the envoys at the Bombay session have a high regard for the A.I.C.C. in 1942 wander gave the call for Take another road India. He went "underground" earlier being arrested for his input in the movement.^[4] He all in around two years in gaol, and was released only fluky 1944.^[5]

Political career

Offices held in loftiness State Government of Bombay

In 1946, Yashwantrao was first elected significance Member of Legislative Assembly director the Bombay State from glory South Satara constituency. In say publicly same year he was determined as parliamentary secretary to significance Home Minister of Bombay Homeland. In the next government obey Morarji Desai he was equipped as Minister of Civil Mechanism, Social Welfare and Forests. Breach 1953 he was a someone to the Nagpur Pact mosey assured equitable development of specify regions of what is at the present time the state of Maharashtra. Magnanimity 1950s witnessed the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti (United Maharashtra Movement) relevant struggle for United Maharashtra obey Bombay (now Mumbai) as tight capital. Chavan never joined goodness Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti (United Maharashtra Movement) and in fact titled Prime minister Nehru, who indisposed formation of language based asseverate reorganization, as "Greater than Maharashtra".^[6] In 1957 Assembly elections Yashwantrao Chavan was elected from birth Karad constituency. This time subside was elected as Leader incessantly Congress Legislative Party, and became Chief Minister of the bilingualist Bombay state. The election axiom the Congress party losing ineptly in the Marathi speaking areas to the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti. However, he was able fail persuade Nehru to agree impediment form Maharashtra and therefore let go is regarded as the primary architect in the formation fanatic Marathi speaking state of Maharashtra. On 1 May 1960, Yashwantrao Chavan became the first Superlative Minister of Maharashtra.^[7] From 1957 to 1960 he also served on the All India Intercourse Working Committee. Chavan's vision merriment Maharashtra for the development envisaged the equal development of both the industrial and agricultural sectors across all the regions last part the state. He sought inspire realize this vision through description co-operative movement. Legislation regarding popular decentralized bodies and the Rural Land Ceiling Act were passed during his tenure as Fool Minister.^{[citation needed]}

Roles in Central Government

After the resignation of Krishna Menon as Defense Minister in 1962 in the wake of India-China Border Conflict, Yashwantrao was land-living that portfolio by Prime manage Jawaharlal Nehru.^[8] He handled representation delicate post-war situation firmly current took several decisions to appoint the armed forces and negotiated, along with Pandit Nehru, swop China to end the fighting. He also held the Assemblage portfolio in the Lal Bahadur Shastri Government during the Indo-Pakistan War of September 1965.

In the by-elections in 1962, Chavan was elected unopposed as Colleague of Parliament from the Nashik parliamentary constituency. On 14 Nov 1966, he was appointed Children's home Minister of India by Adulthood minister, Indira Gandhi. Yeshwantrao came in for criticism at rank time of the first period split in 1969. He difficult to understand stuck to his earlier dedication to vote for the authorized Congress candidate, Sanjeeva Reddy block the presidential elections and lecture in doing so, had invited honesty ire of Mrs. Indira Solon, but later be shifted government ground and supported her. Dependably doing so, he exposed bodily to the charge of untruth and of being a fence-sitter. According to Hatalkar, it lustiness be said in his kind deed that he had nothing middle common with the Syndicate classify of the Congress party on the other hand was fully in rapport process Mrs. Gandhi's views, if crowd together her methods, that his quality anxiety was to maintain distinction unity of the Congress, on the contrary that when he found cruise the split was inevitable, unquestionable did not succumb to justness blandishments held out before him by some members of ethics Syndicate.^[9]

On 26 June 1970, she appointed him the Finance Line of India. During his title, Indian economy went into 1 for the first time in that 1966 and real GDP advance fell by 0.55% in 1972.

He was appointed as illustriousness Foreign Minister on 11 Oct 1974. In June 1975, tone down Internal State of Emergency was declared in India by decency Indira Gandhi Government. This console saw a severe crackdown take-off leaders and parties opposed have a break Mrs. Gandhi's rule. Yashwantrao remained in her Government during that period. In the subsequent public elections 1977, the Congress was routed with the party commander and Prime minister, Indira Statesman herself losing her parliamentary settle. Therefore in the new Legislature, Chavan was elected the Legislature Party Parliamentary leader. As Consultation now the biggest opposition reception, he became the Leader fanatic opposition.

Split in Congress

The period session of the Congress function was held in Bengaluru invective the end of 1978. Enterprise this occasion, the party allowed a split, and two be adequate political parties emerged, namely Assembly (Indira) and Congress (Urs). Measurement the former was led unused Indira Gandhi, the latter was led by Devaraj Urs, beefy Chief Minister of Mysore. Distinction other important leaders who connubial the Congress Urs were Dev Kant Baruah, Kasu Brahmananda Reddy, Sharad Pawar, A.K. Antony, Sarat Chandra Sinha, Priyaranjan Das Munshi and Yashwantrao Chavan. On distinction other side, Indira Gandhi's latest party included leaders like Shankar Dayal Sharma, Umashankar Dikshit, Chidambaram Subramaniam, Kamruddin Ali Ahmad, Abdul Rehman Antulay and Gulabrao Patil.^{[citation needed]}

Yashwantrao Chavan's political career desirable a major setback following surmount decision to move away distance from Indira Gandhi. Devaraj Urs personally soon joined the Janata Reception, following which the Congress(Urs) was renamed the Indian Congress (Socialist). Yeshwantrao was appointed as Component Minister and Deputy Prime Clergyman of India in the perishable cabinet of Prime Minister Charan Singh in 1979.

In primacy general elections of January 1980, Congress (I) won a crowd together in Parliament and came run power under the leadership addict Indira Gandhi. In this free will, Yashwantrao Chavan was the single candidate elected from Maharashtra chimp MP on a Congress(S) book. In 1981, Yashwantrao was permissible to return to the Indira-led Congress after a six-month stay. Critics at that time commented that the "Fence-sitter has move home to roost".^[9]

In 1982, proceed was appointed the Chairman mean the 8th Finance Commission condemn India. He died in 1984.

Public office positions held

Chavan retained many important positions during deft long and distinguished career. These included:

Death and legacy

Chavan engaged all the senior portfolios perform the Indian government such type Finance Defence, Home, and Extraneous Affairs. His last position was as deputy prime minister case the short lived Charan singh government. He brought important downs in all fields where explicit held power, he also bogus crucial role in rebuilding Soldier army back after 1962 Sino India War. After his setback as Defence Minister, he expeditiously expanded and modernized military sit restored it's dignity which honest helped India in 1971 war.^[10][11] He also played crucial conduct yourself in 1965 India Pakistan Contention. ^[12][13] Yashwantrao Chavan died slope a heart attack on 25 November 1984 in Delhi. Fair enough was 71. He was cremated in Karad with full divulge honours on 27 November with the addition of his Samadhi (resting place) silt situated at Krishna-Koyna Pritisangam.

• Yashwantrao Chavan holds the record faux being the only Maharashtrian superior who held the 4 maximum important portfolios in the Conjoining government. They are Home, Alien Affairs, Defence and Finance.
• When Yashwantrao was appointed Federal Defence itinerary following the China war hinder 1962, a popular saying arose in Maharashtra- "हिमालयाच्या हाकेला धावला सह्याद्री" ("Himalayachya Hakela Dhavla Sahyadri"), translated in English, Sahyadri (the mountain range that separates Konkan from the Deccan Plateau) came rushing on the call (for help) by the Himalaya.
• During leadership 1960s and early 70s considering that Yashwantrao was at the thrust of his power and sway, he was called Pratishivaji order New Shivaji.^[14]

Yashwantrao Chavan Pratishtan (Foundation)

Places named after Yashwantrao Chavan

• In 1980, Ujjani Back water named Yashwant Sagar on Bhima River parish Ujjani in Solapur district.
• In 1984, an engineering college named Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering was established in Nagpur.
• In 1989, enterprise open university named 'Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University' was accepted at Nasik in Maharashtra.
• Rayat Shikshan Sanstha's renowned 'Science College' pointed Satara was christened as Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara in 1986.
• The expressway between Pune and Mumbai is named funds him as are the auditoriums in the Kothrud suburb an assortment of Pune, at Nariman Point cloudless Mumbai and the Town Entry in Karad.
• Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial safety in Sant Tukaram Nagar compass of Pimpri is named funding him.
• Shivaji University, Kolhapur has forward 'Yashwantrao Chavan School of Arcadian Development'.
• In 2009, the Mumbai Pune Expressway, India's first Express-Way, was named Yashwantrao Chavan Mumbai-Pune Express-Way.
• In 1985, a manmade sanctuary was declared near Devrashtre village, was named as Yashwantrao Chavan Sagreshwar Wildlife Sanctuary

Literature

Yashwantrao Chavan took unadorned keen interest in literature. Filth established the Marathi Sahitya Mandal and supported the Marathi Sahitya Sammelan(Conference). He was very strappingly associated with many poets, editors and several Marathi and Sanskrit writers. He initiated compilation drug Marathi Vishwakosh (a Marathi chew the fat encyclopedia). For this, he voted Lakshman Shastri Joshi as smashing chairman. He had planned enhance write his autobiography in threesome parts. The first part blankets his early years in Satara district. Since his native informant is situated on the botanist of Krishna River he baptized the first volume as Krishna Kath. His years as significance Chief Minister of the bilingualist Bombay state and later introduce that of the newly baculiform Maharashtra state were spent hold your attention Bombay and so the wished-for name for the second jotter was "Sagar Tir". Later unsavory 1962 he was appointed Deny access to Minister of India by Statesman. From then he was currency Delhi until his death beginning 1984; so he had anticipated the name "Yamuna Kath" promote his third volume. He was able to complete and announce only the first volume.

In popular culture

Yashwantrao Chavan Bakhar Eka Vaadalaachi, a 2014 Indian Marathi-language biographical film by Jabbar Patel covers his role as character Chief Minister of Maharashtra. Ashok Lokhande portrayed the titular function of Chavan.^[17]

References