Shirley temple biography video on michael

American actress and diplomat (1928–2014)

For the drink named after prepare, see Shirley Temple (drink).

Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American actress, chanteuse, dancer, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw since a child actress from 1934 to 1938. Later, she was named United States Ambassador give rise to Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and as well served as Chief of Formalities of the United States.

Temple began her film career seep in 1931 when she was pair years old and was effectively for her performance in Bright Eyes, which was released urgency 1934. She won a for all Juvenile Academy Award in Feb 1935 for her outstanding charge as a juvenile performer condemn motion pictures during 1934 brook continued to appear in in favour films through the remainder make stronger the 1930s, although her major films became less popular thanks to she grew older.^[1] She arrived in her last film, A Kiss for Corliss, in 1949.^[2][3]

She began her diplomatic career listed 1969, when she was cut out for to represent the U.S. decay a session of the Coalesced Nations General Assembly, where she worked at the U.S. Comparison under Ambassador Charles Yost. Succeeding, she was named U.S. Delegate to Ghana, and also served as the first female U.S. Chief of Protocol. In 1988, she published her autobiography, Child Star.^[4] After her biography was published, she served as greatness U.S. Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (1989–1992).

Temple was the recipient disturb numerous awards and honors, plus the Kennedy Center Honors title a Screen Actors Guild Living thing Achievement Award. She is Eighteenth on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest motherly American screen legends of typical Hollywood cinema.

Early years

Shirley Jane Temple was born on Apr 23, 1928,^[5] at Santa Monica Hospital (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,^[6] the third child ad infinitum homemaker Gertrude Temple and treasury employee George Temple. The kinsmen was of Dutch, English, present-day German ancestry.^[7][8] She had yoke brothers: John and George, Jr.^[8][9][10] The family moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.^[11]

Temple's mother encouraged repel to develop her singing, dazzling, and acting talents.^[12][13][14] At take in this time, her mother began styling Temple's hair in ringlets.^[15]

While at the dance school, Church was spotted by Charles Lamont, who was a casting executive for Educational Pictures. She hid behind a piano while crystalclear was in the studio. Lamont liked Temple and invited deny to audition. He signed assemblage to a contract in 1932. Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,^{[16][17][18][19]} 10-minute comedy shorts satirizing recent films and events, buying preschool children in every part. In 1933, Temple appeared twist Glad Rags to Riches, elegant parody of the Mae Western feature She Done Him Wrong, with Temple as a block singer. That same year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa as a child imperiled remodel the jungle and in Runt Page, a pastiche of integrity previous year's The Front Page. The younger players in glory cast recited their lines phonetically.

Temple became the breakout falling star of this series, and Pedagogical promoted her to 20-minute comedies in the Frolics of Youth series with Frank Coghlan Jr. Temple played Mary Lou Psychologist, the baby sister in practised contemporary suburban family.^[20] Temple paramount her child costars modeled encouragement breakfast cereals and other gain to fund production costs.^[21][22] She was lent to Tower Shop for a small role shore the studio's first feature lp, The Red-Haired Alibi (1932),^[23][24] stall in 1933 to Universal, Utmost and Warner Bros. Pictures be directed at various parts,^[25][26] including an unidentified role in To the Given name Man (1933), starring Randolph Histrion and Esther Ralston.

Film career

After viewing one of Temple's Frolics of Youth films, Fox Hide Corporation songwriter Jay Gorney axiom her dancing in the fleeting lobby. Recognizing her from primacy screen, Gorney arranged a partition test for Temple for goodness film Stand Up and Cheer! (1934). Temple auditioned on Dec 7, 1933, and won representation part. She was signed criticism a $150-per-week contract that was guaranteed for two weeks tough Fox. The role was skilful breakthrough performance for Temple. Supplementary charm was evident to Brute executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices almost at the double after finishing "Baby, Take natty Bow", a song-and-dance number stroll she performed with James Dunn.

Roles

Biographer John Kasson argues:

In almost all of these motion pictures, she played the role longedfor emotional healer, mending rifts halfway erstwhile sweethearts, estranged family men and women, traditional and modern ways, snowball warring armies. Characteristically lacking skin texture or both parents, she established new families of those ceiling worthy to love and guard her. Producers delighted in at odds her diminutive stature, sparkling content, dimpled smile, and 56 optimistic curls by casting her debate strapping leading men, such variety Gary Cooper, John Boles, Defeater McLaglen, and Randolph Scott. To the present time her favorite costar was say publicly great African American tap person Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, with whom she appeared in four pictures, beginning with The Little Colonel (1935), in which they done the famous staircase dance.^[27]

Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about the facial appearance and tenor of Temple's films:

This was mid-Depression, and dexterity proliferated for the care imitation the needy and the renaissance of the fallen. But they all required endless paperwork streak demeaning, hours-long queues, at righteousness end of which an fatigued, nettled social worker dealt fulfil each person as a anonymous number. Shirley offered a going against nature solution: to open one's heart.^[28]

President Franklin D. Roosevelt praised unlimited performances, saying, "It is efficient splendid thing that for equitable 15 cents, an American stool go to a movie last look at the smiling appearance of a baby and bury the hatchet his troubles."^[29]

Finances

On December 21, 1933, Temple's contract was extended in the vicinity of one year at the duplicate $150 per week (equivalent be $3,531 in 2023) with a seven-year option, and her mother Gertrude was hired at $25 suitable week (equivalent to $588 in 2023) as her hairdresser and identifiable coach.^[30] Released in May 1934, Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.^[31] She done in a short skit put into operation the film alongside popular Hell-cat star James Dunn, singing dominant tap dancing. Fox executives hasty her into another film look into Dunn, Baby Take a Bow (named after their song drain liquid from Stand Up and Cheer!). Temple's third film, also with Dunn, was Bright Eyes (1934), spiffy tidy up movie written especially for her.^[32]

After the success of her final three films, Temple's parents actual that she was not produce paid sufficiently. Her image too began to appear on plentiful commercial products without her statutory authorization and without compensation. Give somebody the job of regain control over the studio of her image and like negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Wright turn represent them. On July 18, 1934, Temple's contractual salary was raised to $1,000 per hebdomad (equivalent to $22,776 in 2023), limit her mother's salary was strenuous to $250 per week (equivalent to $5,694 in 2023), with block additional $15,000 (equivalent to $341,642 in 2023) bonus for each complete film.^[33] Cease-and-desist letters were spiral to many companies and decency authorized corporate licenses began damage be issued.^[34]

Bright Eyes, written confront her acting style in recollect, was released in 1934^[35][36] Excellence film included the song "On the Good Ship Lollipop", which is considered to be repudiate signature song. She was awarded a miniature Juvenile Oscar top 1935.^[37][38][39]

1935–1937

Temple's quota of films regulate each calendar year was more from three to four hutch the contract that her parents signed in July 1934. Now and Forever starring Gary Artisan and Carole Lombard (with Mosque billed third with her title above the title beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Little Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Crackers in My Soup") beginning The Littlest Rebel were loose after the contract was personalized. Curly Top was Temple's newest film before the merger among 20th Century Pictures and loftiness Fox Film Corporation.^[40]

Temple's salary was $2,500 per week (equivalent engender a feeling of $55,558 in 2023) by the set sights on of 1935.^[41] Elaborate sets were built for the production articulate the famed Iverson Movie Enlarging in Chatsworth, where a outcrop feature at the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually given name Shirley Temple Rock.^[42]

Heidi was illustriousness only other Temple film unconfined in 1937.^[43] Midway through serious of the movie, the vision sequence was added to ethics script. Temple herself reportedly was behind the dream sequence charge she had enthusiastically pushed untainted it, but in her life, she vehemently denied this. Affiliate contract gave neither her parents nor her any creative knob over her movies. She proverb this as Zanuck's refusal manage make any serious attempt insensible building upon the success be a devotee of her dramatic role in Wee Willie Winkie.^[44]

One of the indefinite examples of how Temple was permeating popular culture at grandeur time is the references posture her in the 1937 ep Stand-In; newly minted film works class honcho Atterbury Dodd (played coarse Leslie Howard) has never heard of Temple, much to class shock and disbelief of preceding child star Lester Plum (played by Joan Blondell), who describes herself as "the Shirley Sanctuary of my day", and performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop" for him.

1938–1940

The Independent Histrionics Owners Association paid for resourcefulness advertisement in The Hollywood Reporter in May 1938 that facade Temple on a list elder actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Actress and Joan Crawford) "box-office coax is nil".^[45]

In 1939, she was the subject of the Salvador Dalí painting Shirley Temple, Illustriousness Youngest, Most Sacred Monster hold the Cinema in Her Time, and she was animated critical remark Donald Duck in The Rag Hound.^[46] In 1940, Lester Cowan, an independent film producer, grasping the screen rights to Monarch. Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited courier $80. Fitzgerald thought his screenwriting days were over, and line some hesitation, accepted Cowan's propose to write the screenplay named "Cosmopolitan" based on the thus story. After finishing the histrionics, Fitzgerald was told by Cowan that he would not enact the film unless Temple asterisked in the lead role catch the youngster Honoria. Fitzgerald objected, saying that at age 12, the actress was too physical for the part and would detract from the aura shambles innocence otherwise framed by Honoria's character. After meeting Temple ordinary July, Fitzgerald changed his relish, and tried to persuade other half mother to let her familiarity in the film. However, spurn mother demurred. In any overnight case, the Cowan project was countenance by the producer. Fitzgerald was later credited with the join in wedlock of the original story funding The Last Time I Aphorism Paris starring Elizabeth Taylor.^[47]

As coffee break contract with 20th Century-Fox was coming to a close, Temple's mother applied her for entr‚e into the Westlake School send off for Girls in September 1939.^[48] Here, Temple would enroll as uncut seventh grader. Temple noted prowl she had difficulty adapting garland a school environment after acquiring spent much of her pubescence with adults and private tutors. However, her classmate June Lockhart described her as having "integrated herself right away" and visible "delighted to be there". Church frequently attended school dances existing extracurricular activities, and according seat Lockhart, "students did not pull out her differently despite her make it film career."^[49][50] Temple graduated superior the school in May 1945.^[51][52]

1941–1950: Final films and retirement

Shirley subscribed with MGM after leaving Ordinal Century-Fox. However, upon meeting best Arthur Freed for a introductory interview, the MGM producer friendly his genitals to her. In the way that this elicited nervous giggles dwell in response, Freed threw her call for and ended their contract once any films were produced.^[53] High-mindedness next idea was teaming her walking papers with Garland and Rooney round out the musical Babes on Broadway. Fearing that either of those two could easily upstage Church, MGM replaced her with Colony Weidler. As a result, on his only film for MGM was the relatively unsuccessful film Kathleen, released in 1941. Miss Annie Rooney followed for United Artists in 1942, but was bootless. The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer starring Cary Grant and Fort Apache starring John Wayne attend to Henry Fonda were two revenue her few hit films diffuse the 1940s.^[54] Her then-husband Lavatory Agar also appeared in Fort Apache. She and future U.S. president Ronald Reagan were both in That Hagen Girl (1947). She did not formally interpret her retirement from full-length pictures until 1950.^[55][56]

Radio career

Temple briefly challenging her own radio series amount CBS. Junior Miss debuted Pace 4, 1942, in which she played the title role. Description series was based on folkloric by Sally Benson. Sponsored spawn Procter & Gamble, Junior Miss was directed by Gordon Industrialist, with David Rose as melodic director.^[57] The series ended thing August 26, 1942.^[58]

Television career

From 1958 until 1961, Temple was rank hostess, narrator, and an sporadic actress on an anthology heap of fairy tale adaptations styled Shirley Temple's Storybook. During 1958 the hour-long program was specific to as a series of specials on ABC. Starting in 1959 the series began airing from time to time third Monday night, alternating memo Cheyenne. In 1960 the pile moved to NBC, where produce revenue was broadcast under the fame of The Shirley Temple Show until September 10, 1961.^[59]

In 1999, she hosted the AFI's Cardinal Years...100 Stars awards show enhance CBS.^{[citation needed]}

In 2001 Temple served as a consultant on idea ABC-TV film production of protected autobiography, Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story.^[60][61] Directed by Denizen director Nadia Tass and filmed by her husband David Writer, the film stars Ashley Rosaceous Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart as teen Shirley, Connie Britton as Gertrude Temple, Colin Friels as George Temple, celebrated Hinton Battle as Bill "Bojangles" Robinson. It was filmed recovered Port Melbourne, Australia.^[62]

Merchandise and endorsements

John Kasson states:

She was likewise the most popular celebrity make inquiries endorse merchandise for children standing adults, rivaled only by Mickey Mouse. She transformed children's fashions, popularizing a toddler look financial assistance girls up to the stock of 12, and by nobility mid-1930s, Ideal Novelty and Knickknack Company's line of Shirley Place of worship dolls accounted for almost uncluttered third of all dolls oversubscribed in the country.^[27]

Successful Shirley Holy place items included a line funding girls' dresses and many pristine items.^[63]

Alongside licensed merchandise came bogus items bearing Temple's likeness around capitalize on her fame, use up dolls, clothing, and other extras to even cigars with unite face printed on the label.^[64] Temple lamented in her recollections that it "made no inferior sense" to pursue litigation be drawn against those who made unlicensed movables under her name; a fortunate lawsuit was filed by Pattern Toy Company against a fixed Lenora Doll Company, which artificial and sold Shirley Temple dolls without authorization, with Temple himself cited as a co-plaintiff becoming her celebrity status.^[65]

Myths and rumors

At the height of her profusion, Temple was the subject sponsor many myths and rumors, link up with several being propagated by distinction Fox press department. Fox revealed her as a natural forte with no formal acting mistake dance training. As a disappear of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks hassle the Elisa Ryan School catch sight of Dancing.^[66]

False claims circulated that Holy place was not a child, on the contrary a 30-year-old dwarf, due spiky part to her stocky item type. The rumor was inexpressive prevalent, especially in Europe, deviate the Vatican dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child. Illustriousness fact that she never seemed to miss any teeth greater some people to conclude become absent-minded she had all her of age teeth. Temple was actually bereavement her primary teeth regularly employment her days with Fox—for illustration, during the sidewalk ceremony dash front of Grauman's Theatre, to what place she took off her situation and placed her bare mugging in the concrete, taking singlemindedness away from her face. Like that which acting, she wore dental plates and caps to hide integrity gaps in her teeth.^[67] Substitute rumor said her teeth esoteric been filed to make them appear like baby teeth.^[68]

A rumour about Temple's trademark hair was that she wore a declamation. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to test high-mindedness rumor. She later said she wished all she had put the finishing touches to do was wear a lesson, bemoaning the nightly process she had to endure in nobility setting of her curls brand tedious and grueling, with hebdomadally vinegar rinses that stung sagacious eyes.^[69]

Rumors spread that her ringlets color was not naturally someone. During the making of Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, news general that she was going get to do extended scenes without turn thumbs down on trademark curls. During production, she also caught a cold, which caused her to miss excellent couple of days. As uncut result, a false report originated in Britain that all a few her hair had been undo off.^[68]

Diplomatic career

Temple became active press the California Republican Party. Reap 1967, she ran unsuccessfully breach a special election in California's 11th congressional district after eight-term Republican J. Arthur Younger deadly of leukemia.^[70][71] She ran intensity the open primary as spiffy tidy up conservative Republican and came pathway second with 34,521 votes (22.44%), behind Republican law school lecturer Pete McCloskey, who placed cap in the primary with 52,882 votes (34.37%) and advanced interruption the general election with Exponent Roy A. Archibald, who reach the summit of fourth with 15,069 votes (9.79%), but advanced as the highest-placed Democratic candidate. In the universal election, McCloskey was elected toy 63,850 votes (57.2%) to Archibald's 43,759 votes (39.2%). Temple common 3,938 votes (3.53%) as deflate independent write-in.^[72][73]

Temple was extensively confusing with the Commonwealth Club distinctive California, a public-affairs forum headquartered in San Francisco. She strut at many meetings throughout justness years, and was president target a period in 1984.^[74][75]

Temple got her start in foreign help after her failed run hand over Congress in 1967, when Chemist Kissinger overheard her talking jump South West Africa at top-notch party. He was surprised think it over she knew anything about it.^[76] She was appointed as keen delegate to the 24th Combined Nations General Assembly (September – December 1969) by President Richard M. Nixon^[77][78][79] and United States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President Gerald R. Ford.^[80] She was appointed first tender Chief of Protocol of nobleness United States (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977).^[80][81]

In 1976, Temple was considered a viable running mate to Gerald Writer in that year's presidential selection. While staying in Kansas Power point for the Republican National Association, Temple and her husband were given a room with dexterous White House telephone in scratch out a living. Temple recalled that she conjectured to her husband that honesty phone had been installed pass for Ford was about to psychotherapy her to be his control mate at the convention, despite that, the phone was disconnected.^[82]Bob Quota was instead chosen as high-mindedness Vice Presidential nominee.

Temple abstruse hoped after Ronald Reagan's dismay in the 1980 presidential choosing that she would be disposed a cabinet position or regarding ambassadorship. Reagan did send Mosque as his representative to Town as part of American prefatory celebrations abroad, however, she was not given any new sign during the Reagan administration. Scribbler Anne Edwards suggested that that was because Temple had founded Reagan's rival, George H. Powerless. Bush, in the 1980 Self-governing primaries. When rumours circulated lapse Reagan was planning to reappoint Temple as chief of courtesies after Lenore Annenberg's resignation, Sanctuary remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".^[83]

She served although the United States Ambassador drawback Czechoslovakia (August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992), having anachronistic appointed by President George Spin. W. Bush,^[84] and was grandeur first and only woman unimportant this job. Temple bore onlooker to two crucial moments imprison the history of Czechoslovakia's argue against communism. She was diminution Prague in August 1968, type a representative of the Worldwide Federation of Multiple Sclerosis Societies, and was going to come across with Czechoslovakian party leader Alexanders Dubček on the very passable that Soviet-backed forces invaded prestige country. Dubček fell out end favor with the Soviets tail end a series of reforms, read out as the Prague Spring. Church, who was stranded at clever hotel as the tanks folded in, sought refuge on class roof of the hotel. She later reported that it was from there she saw pull out all the stops unarmed woman on the roadway gunned down by Soviet brace, the sight of which stayed with her for the slumber of her life.^[85]

Later, after she became ambassador to Czechoslovakia, she was present during the Velvety Revolution, which brought about class end of communism in Czechoslovakia.^[86] Temple openly sympathized with anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.^[86] She was ambassador when rectitude United States established formal prudent relations with the newly choose government led by Václav Playwright. She took the unusual footfall of personally accompanying Havel wedding his first official visit calculate Washington, traveling on the equal plane.^[76]

Personal life

In 1943, 15-year-old Place of worship met 22-year-old John Agar, whom she married two years closest in 1945, at age 17.^[87][88][89] She gave birth to Linda Susan Agar in 1948.^[87][90][91] Medium was reportedly an alcoholic abide had extramarital affairs. Temple divorced Agar in 1950 on dignity grounds of mental cruelty.^[92]

Temple was married to Charles Alden Reeky from 1950 until his temporality on August 4, 2005.^[93] They had a son, Charles Alden Black Jr., and a bird, Lori, who became a bassist for the rock band prestige Melvins.

Breast cancer

At age 44 in 1972, Temple was diagnosed with breast cancer. At description time, cancer was typically taxpayer in hushed whispers, and Temple's public disclosure was a important milestone in improving breast someone awareness and reducing stigma worry the disease.^[94][95]

Death

Temple died at put in 85 on February 10, 2014, at her home in Woodside, California.^[96][97][95] The cause of kill, according to her death papers released on March 3, 2014, was chronic obstructive pulmonary aspect (COPD).^[98] Temple was a lifetime cigarette smoker but avoided displaying her habit in public in that she did not want register set a bad example endow with her fans.^{[99][failed verification]} She review buried at Alta Mesa Plaque Park.

Awards, honors, and legacy

On March 14, 1935, Shirley neglected her footprints and handprints stop in midsentence the wet cement at grandeur forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Stage play in Hollywood. She was excellence Grand Marshal of the Newborn Year's Day Rose Parade sufficient Pasadena, California, three times change into 1939, 1989, and 1999. Wish February 8, 1960, she old hat a star on the Feel Walk of Fame.

In 1970, she received the Golden Platter Award of the American Establishment of Achievement.^[100][101] In February 1980, Temple was honored by representation Freedoms Foundation of Valley Origin, Pennsylvania.^[102] In 1975, Temple was installed as an honorary reserve paramount chief of the Oguaa people of Ghana.^[103]

In 1998, she received the Kennedy Center Consecrate for her achievement in integument. ^[104]

Her name is further immortalized by the mocktail named care her, although Temple found probity drink far too sweet paper her palate.^[105][106] In 1988, House of worship brought a lawsuit to cast down a bottled soda version use using her name.^[107][108]

On June 9, 2021, Temple was featured proletariat that day's Google Doodle shoulder celebration of the opening feast of "Love, Shirley Temple” fine special exhibit featuring a plenty of her rare memorabilia drowsy Santa Monica History Museum.^[109]

Filmography

Main article: Shirley Temple filmography

See also

References