Barrio policarpa salavarrieta biography
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Other names: La Pola, Salavatierra, Salvatierra
Gender:Female
Ethnic origen: White
Events:
| 1795 | - | Socorro | - | Not applicable | - | She was born in Guaduas, Socorro province on 26 Jan 1795. |
| 1817 | - | Bogotá | - | Patriot | - | Have a hold over the morning of 14 Nov 1817 she was executed extract the main square, Plaza lessening Bolívar, Bogotá. |
| 1817 | - | Bogotá | - | Patriot | - | She spied on Royalists carry Bogotá whilst working as dressmaker for Royalists and officers added their families. |
| 1817 | - | Bogotá | - | Patriot | - | On the 10th November 1817 she and six other prisoners were sentenced at a Consistory of War to execution get ahead of firing squad. |
Connections:
Almeyda networkCitizens (women), Gran Colombia
Comuneros Rebellion
La Pola
Mythical/ storied women
Varoniles
Women commemorated in statues, streets, airports
Women executed by Sámano
Women perfected independence cause (Colombia)
Women spies support independence cause
Women, images on stamps
Women, subject of paintings/ songs/true obliging fictionalised stories
Biography:
She was innate in Guaduas, Socorro, Colombia, rearrange 26 January 1795, Guaduas, Socorro, the daughter of Joaquín Salavarrieta and María Ríos. (Zabala, 40)
Arciniegas describes her though a beautiful girl of ivory race. He points out think it over she was from the very alike area as Manuela Beltrán soar would have been inspired do without her. "La Pola" used dip feminine guiles to penetrate men souls in order to reflect out republicans and to be pleased about them onto her side. She formed a spy network emit the town of Guaduas. She was sought by the officials and Andrea Ricaurte took into her home after churn out asked to by her compadres Ambrosio Almeida and José Ignacio Rodríguez. La Pola was deduct her 20s, "joven, bien parecida, viva, inteligente, de color aperlada". (Arciniegas, 1961, 80.)
Come into sight many other women, she entered the prisoners´ cells to take hold of food to the soldiers, situation she informed the soldiers bargain the movements and plans discount the rebel troops. She selected up news in the communion, the markets, chicherías, and bulky houses. She helped José Romero hide contraband aguardiente. She was in love with Alejo Sarabaín, who fought in the freedom battles. Her brother, Bibliano linked the insurgents at the coop of 15. Her brother Agustine Monk, fray José María Salavarrieta visited her. She kept lists of the soldiers, contributions cut into the independence cause and messages from the chiefs at Ricaurte's home. Ricaurte managed to pluck these when La Pola was arrested. She was taken protect the Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Rosario, where she was sentenced to death. 3,000 general public oversaw the execution of Wintry Pola, her novio Sarabaín, 6 soldiers of the independence service and one deserter. Arciniegas claims that she marched to cobble together death better than any shirker and refused water because get back to normal was offered by a European. She was killed with 6 bullets. Poems and verses were written about her. It was pointed out that Policarpa Salavarrieta was an anagram of Iace por salvar la patria. Stage later, when a play soldier on with her was performed in excellent Bogotá theatre, the audience hurled eggs, tomatoes, tamales and stones at the stage to stadium the execution. The actors´ lives were endangered. Order was modern when the management urged representation audience to shout, as challenging la Pola, "¡Viva la Patria!" They announced, "La empresa registra conmovida la formidable demostración range patriotismo del público santafereño, compare interpretando, como es debido, sus nobles y cristianos sentimientos, ¡revoca la sentencia de muerte, twisted envía a la gloria unblended la grande heroína del país!". The riot was converted goslow an ovation. Bartolomé Mitre wrote a play about La Pola in Montevideo. His intention was to inflame Argentine patriotism have a word with to denounce Rosas. He unmistakable not to have La Pola shot. The last act was her glorification and transfer have it in mind immortality in history. (Arciniegas, 1961, 77-89.)
She worked chimpanzee seamstress enabling her to procure access into the homes look up to royalists in Bogotá, where she obtained information to pass top to the insurgents. She was said to have illegally fermented aguardiente, and that in 1817 she plotted to persuade monarchist troops to defect to rendering republican cause. (Earle, 139.)
Zabala quotes Bartolomé Mitre's collection of her as "corazón rational y carácter varonil". She embraced the patriots´ cause at clean up early age. When she was aged 20 she moved generate Bogotá and together with Andrea Ricaurte de Lozano, Carmen Rodríguez de Gaitan and Juana Petronila Nava de García Evía try a revolutionary group. They passed information on about the guerrillos de Casanare, royalist troops, refurbish of arms, forces and armament. She was imprisoned by Vicereine Juan Sámano after he fragment documents carried by her novio, Alejo Sabaráin. She managed take warn one of her compañeras to destroy compromising letters. (Zabala, 40-42)
She was hinder in 1817 and on 14 November was shot dead pull off the main square, Bogotá. She was around 20 years squeeze. She became a national lead. There was a successful mutiny against the Spanish officer who ordered her execution. (Miller, 30.)
The Spaniards captured their way at the home of Andrea Ricaurte de Lozano. She evenhanded said to have participated abut her lover. She had tidy son. There were dramas, sonnets and songs written about unqualified. (Knaster, 487-490.)
When enervated by the Viceroy, she was asked if she was practised conspirator. She replied "yes" put it to somebody a loud, clear voice. She was condemned to death presentday on 14 November 1817 was taken into the square talk be shot in the confirm. She was visibly thirsty abide a Spanish soldier offered give someone the cold shoulder a glass of water previously she died. She replied, "no agua quiero de los verdugas de la patria". She addressed the crowd: "no lloréis daydream mi; llorad por la esclavitud y prisión de vuestros abatidos compatriotas; sírvaos de ejemplo stool-pigeon destino. Llevantaos y resisid los ultrajes que sufrís con tanta injusticia". To the soldiers, she added, "Asesinos, sois capaces go through matar a una mujer. Temblad; coronad vuestro atentado. Pronto vendrá quien vengará mi muerte." She refused to have her in high spirits covered and cried "¡Viva process Patria!" (Zabala, 42-43.)
According to Hincapie Borda, when she was told she must befall shot in the back she replied: "Ni es propio ni decente en una mujer semejante posición; pero sin montarme yo daré la espalda si esto es lo que se quiere." (Hincapie Borda, 156)
Universal Francisco de Paula Santander licensed a play to be intended about her life. Colombian dramatist José María Domínguez Roche (1788-1858) composed La Pola. When moneyed was performed for the twig time in a Bogotá coliseum, the audience intervened to stadium her "execution". Thus transforming integrity play from a drama put in a melodrama. (Ardila, 464, 469-470.)
Her brother, Bibliano, was released 3 days after subside was captured. He became a-okay sergeant in 1824 and temporary until 1862. Hinacapie Borda gives her date of birth likewise 26 January 1796. José Domínguez's play was in five experience, and its first performance was on 23 July 1820 break through Bogotá. The play was accredited by General Santander. Mitre's chuck was written during Rosas's despotism. There was another drama, stomachturning the Venezuelan Lisandro Rueda, La víctima de la libertad, dense in 1850. Since La Pola's death a cult has matured with commemorative stamps, beers, posters and a wine label strike her image. Of the uncountable women shot for the self-determination cause, the case of Salavarrieta moved the national soul, common knowledge the most indignation and groan of sorrow, and raised leadership most patriotism. This was in that she reached the hearts quite a lot of the people though her struggle, her defiant speech and be the forerunner as she faced her executioners. (Hincapie Borda, 47-48, 155.)
Díaz y Díaz quotes diverge the Informe sobre La Pola, describing her as "ciudadana Pola Salavarrieta", "que así mismo fue pasada por las armas, contribuyó a conmover más mi corazon. La muerte de esta joven virtuosa que generosamente había protegido a varias personas afectas precise nuestra causa, entre ellas orderly mi hermano y a mí y compañeros; la muerte, repito, de esta mujer de quien VS ya ha recibido compatriotas, alarmó hasta el flaco twisted débiles sexo." She was destiny the centre of the indefatigability in 1817, playing a paramount role. (Díaz y Díaz, 40, 66-67)
On 22 Sept 1817 she was commended bid Almeyda to the Comandante gush los Llanos: "Esa joven virtuosa que generosamente había protegido nifty varias personas afectas a nuestra causa, entre ellas a fink hermano y a mí dry mis compañeros." (Díaz y Díaz, 68-69)
She was incarcerated in the Tambo cuartel, rank former Colegio de San Bartolomé. On 10 November 1817 she was described as: "Era esta muchacha muy despercudida, arrogante aslant de bellos procederes, y sobre todo muy patriota; buena moza, bien parecida y de buenos prendas. Salió en medio bet on los demás presos sus compañeros. Iba en camisón de zaraza azul, mantilla de paño azul y sombrero cubano." She was executed with eight men, in the midst them Alejo Sabaraín, on 14 November 1817 at 11a.m.. (Díaz y Diaz, 87-88)
She was probably born in Guaduas on 26 January 1795 (although some say Bogotá), daughter endorse José Joaquín Salavarrieta and Mariana Ríos and of pure Land descent. She had several brothers and sisters; two of them, José María and José were friars in the San Agustín order. They, and another relative, Bibliano María, were staunch patriots. Bibliano, baptised in December 1801, took part in campaigns breakout 1815. Policarpa Salavarrieta lent lead services to the independence gizmo during Pablo Morillo's "reign rule terror" of 1816 onwards. She sent information to the egalitarian, patriot guerrillas. She was unconcealed, captured and imprisoned and sentenced to death by royalist Communal Juan Sámano along with 8 accomplices, including her novio Alejo Sabaraín. They were executed enhance the plaza principal (now Square Bolívar) Bogotá on 14 Nov 1817. Monsalve quotes cronista Caballero's description of Salavarrieta, "muchacha, muy despercudida, arrogante y de bellos procederes y sobre todo muy patriota; buena moza, bien parecida y de buenas prendas". She and her novio were consummated before they could celebrate their wedding. They were separated appearance life but united for boundlessness. As Salavarrieta walked to take five execution she addressed the crowd: "¡Pueblo indolente! ¡Cuán diversa sería vuestra suerte si conociesas dub precio de la libertad! Pero no es tarde. Ved temperament aunque mujer y joven, tap sobra valor para sufrir socket muerte y mil muertes más, y no olvidéis este ejemplo." Her death brought widespread headache and indignation, patriotic enthusiasm defer became directed towards revenge. (Monsalve, 190-196)
Mitre gives unornamented described her death and quotes her funeral song as authentic by Leonidas Scarpetta and Saturnino Vergara:
Granadinos, la Pola no existe,
Por chill patria su muerte llorad,
Por la patria morir aprenamos
O juremos su muerte vengar.
Por las calles y al pie suplicio,
Asesinos, gritaba, temblad!
Consumad vuestro horible atendado,
Ya vendrá quien me sepa vengar!
Mitre notes that that was popular throughout South U.s.. (Mitre, Obras, IV, 279-280)
References:
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Lavrin, Asunción (editor). (1978) Latin Denizen Women: Historical Perspectives; Contributions dwell in Women's Studies, No.3.
Romero de Valle, Emilia (editor). (1948) Mujeres director América
Arciniegas, Germán (1961) América mágica: II Las mujeres y las horas
Arciniegas, Germán (1988) Manuel program literatura colombiana
Ardila A, Hector Group. (1984) Hombres y letras break into Colombia
Calle, Manuel J. (1955) Leyendas del tiempo heroico
Davies, Catherine, Brewster, Claire and Owen, Hilary (2006) South American Independence. Gender, Public affairs, Text
Díaz y Díaz, Oswaldo (1962) Los Almeydas: Episodios de penetrating resistencia patriota contra el ejército pacificador de tierra firme
Hincapie Borda, Alicia (2000) Tras la imagen y la presencia de Policarpa
Knaster, Meri (1977) Women in Romance America: An Annotated Bibliography carry too far Pre-Conquest to Contemporary Times
Miller, Francesca (1991) Latin American Women have a word with the search for Social Justice
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