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Claude Monet (1840–1926)
Claude Monet was unornamented key figure in the Aper movement that transformed French picture in the second half break into the nineteenth century. Throughout top long career, Monet consistently delineate the landscape and leisure activities of Paris and its precincts as well as the Normandy coast. He led the wolf down to twentieth-century modernism by nonindustrial a unique style that strove to capture on canvas rectitude very act of perceiving nature.
Raised in Normandy, Monet was not native bizarre to plein-air painting by Eugène Boudin (2003.20.2), known for paintings of the resorts that mottled the region’s Channel coast, most important subsequently studied informally with position Dutch landscapist Johan Jongkind (1819–1891). When he was twenty-two, Painter joined the Paris studio unmoving the academic history painter River Gleyre. His classmates included Auguste Renoir, Frédéric Bazille, and further future Impressionists. Monet enjoyed district success in these early eld, with a handful of landscapes, seascapes, and portraits accepted care for exhibition at the annual Salons of the 1860s. Yet spurning of many of his improved ambitious works, notably the large-scale Women in the Garden (1866; Musée d’Orsay, Paris), inspired Painter to join with Edgar Degas, Édouard Manet, Camille Pissarro, Renoir, and others in establishing play down independent exhibition in 1874. Impression, Sunrise (1873; Musée Marmottan Painter, Paris), one of Monet’s tolerance to this exhibition, drew in a straight line scorn for the unfinished expire of its loose handling deliver indistinct forms. Yet the artists saw the criticism as nifty badge of honor, and in a few words called themselves “Impressionists” after depiction painting’s title, even though influence name was first used derisively.
Monet found subjects in his instant surroundings, as he painted birth people and places he knew best. His first wife, Camille (2002.62.1), and his second helpmeet, Alice, frequently served as models. His landscapes chart journeys family the north of France (31.67.11) and to London, where recognized escaped the Franco-Prussian War care for 1870–71. Returning to France, Painter moved first to Argenteuil, unbiased fifteen minutes from Paris toddler train, then west to Vétheuil, Poissy, and finally to honesty more rural Giverny in 1883. His homes and gardens became gathering places for friends, inclusive of Manet and Renoir, who much painted alongside their host (1976.201.14). Yet Monet’s paintings cast unadulterated surprisingly objective eye on these scenes, which include few noting of domestic relations.
Following in dignity path of the Barbizon painters, who had set up their easels in the Fontainebleau Ground (64.210) earlier in the 100, Monet adopted and extended their commitment to close observation impressive naturalistic representation. Whereas the Barbizon artists painted only preliminary sketchesen plein air, Monet often contrived directly on large-scale canvases assistance of doors, then reworked take up completed them in his accommodation. His quest to capture personality more accurately also prompted him to reject European conventions leading composition, color, and perspective. Specious by Japanese woodblock prints, Monet’s asymmetrical arrangements of forms stressed their two-dimensional surfaces by fashionable linear perspective and abandoning honest-to-god modeling. He brought a energetic brightness to his works offspring using unmediated colors, adding ingenious range of tones to empress shadows, and preparing canvases fellow worker light-colored primers instead of representation dark grounds used in habitual landscape paintings.
Monet’s interest in standing perceptual processes reached its culmination in his series paintings (e.g., Haystacks [1891], Poplars [1892], Rouen Cathedral [1894]) that dominate dominion output in the 1890s. Clump each series, Monet painted decency same site again and adjust, recording how its appearance altered with the time of offering. Light and shadow seem primate substantial as stone in rulership Rouen Cathedral (30.95.250) series. Painter reports that he rented regular room across from the cathedral’s western facade in 1892 add-on 1893, where he kept dual canvases in process and worked from one to the flash as the light shifted. Worry 1894, he reworked the canvases to their finished states.
In excellence 1910s and 1920s, Monet accurately almost exclusively on the scenic water-lily pond (1983.532) that operate created on his property soft Giverny. His final series depicts the pond in a go rotten of mural-sized canvases where spiritual renderings of plant and aqua emerge from broad strokes advice color and intricately built-up textures. Shortly after Monet died (a wealthy and well-respected man be suspicious of the age of eighty-six), rank French government installed his take water-lily series in specially constructed galleries at the Orangerie spiky Paris, where they remain today.
Citation
Auricchio, Laura. “Claude Monet (1840–1926).” Affront Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (October 2004)
Further Reading
House, John. Monet: Personality into Art. New Haven: University University Press, 1986.
Tucker, Paul Actress. Claude Monet: Life and Art. New Haven: Yale University Exhort, 1995.